ANTIDOTES

S.no	Name (s) of the antidote	Indications	Dosage
1	Acepromazine maleate Acetazine Acetopromazine Acetyl-promazine	Seizures associated with amphetamine methamphetamine, 4-Methylimidazole, metaldehyde poisoning,usually preceding use of barbiturate or other anticonvulsant. Contraindicated inorganophosphate or strychnine poisoning.	Dogs, Cats-0.03-0.05 mg/kg IV, IM; Swine-0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV, IM; Cattle, Horses- 0.02-0.1 mg/kg IV, IM; Sheep-0.03-0.05 IV; Goats 0.03-0.1 mg/kg IV; 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM; Sheep, Goats
2	Acetic acid (Dilute 4%-6%) Vinegar (5%) Ethanoic acid	Ammonia toxicosis; urea, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and opiate poisoning , metallic salts; arsenic, selenium, tin, thallium, antimony.	Sheep, Goats-0.5-1 L/ animal/ PO; Cattle, Sheep,Goats- 5-7 ml/kg of a dilute solution 1:4 or 1:5 with water or 20% DextrosePO;
3	Acetylcysteine N-Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine Sodium Mercapturic Acid	acetaminophen poisoning.	Dogs-150 mg/kg IV, PO; Cats -140 mg/kg IV, PO; followed by 70-75 mg/kg q4h
4	Activated Charcoal (10%)	Carbon absorbent whichabsorbs toxic substancesand irritants, non-specificorganics Not effectivefor minerals (elemental,acids, salts, alkalis), nor oils.	Cattle,Sheep, Goats-1.0-3.0 g/kg PO; Horses-0.5-1.65 g/kg PO; Dogs,Cats -2-8 g/kg PO
5	Aminophylline Theophylline ethyllenediamine	benzodiazepine type poisonings: flurazepam, midazolam, forazepam	Horse- 4-15 mg/kg PO, IV; q8-12h Dogs- 4-10 mg/kg PO, IV; q8-12h
6	Ammonium Acetate (Dilute 7%)	cyanide, opiate, phosgene, and formaldehyde  poisoning.	Dilute 1:20 with water. Cattle, Horses-0.23-1.1 mg/kg PO; Dogs -1.0-1.5 mg/kg PO;
7	Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium paramolybdenate	Copper poisoning	Sheep, cattle- 100- 500mg/day/animalPO;
8	Amyl Nitrite/ Isoamyl Nitrite Isopentyl Nitrite/ Pentyl Nitrite/ Poppers	cyanide, hydrogensulfide, acrylonitrile,chloroform, iodine, nitrates and strychnine poisonings.	Cattle,Horse -30-60 minute inhalation; Dogs- 1.5-5 minute inhalation;
9	Ascorbate Vitamin C Cevitamic	treatment of various drugs, plants and metal poisonings; copper,iron, selenium, tellurium, chromium, cobalt, lead, arsenic, nitrate-nitrite, chlorates, aniline, hydrazine, hydroquinones, benzocaine, phenacetin, potassium permanganate, quinines, toluidine, sulfonamides, acetaminophen, Red Maple (Acer rubrum), PigWeed (Amaranthus),Johnson Grass(Sorghum), Various Weeds and Feed Grain plants that have been stressed with drought or herbicide and thereby accumulate nitrates.	Cattle, Horses - 7.5-15 mg/kg IV, IM, SQ, PO; ; Dogs,Cats- 10-25 mg/kg IV,IM,SQ,PO Rabbits,Rodents -100 mg/kg IV,IM,SQ,PO; Swine,Sheep- 5-10 mg/kg IV,IM,SQ,PO; Goats- 2.5-5 mg/kg IV,IM,SQ,PO;
10	Atipamezole HCL	medetomidine, xylazine, amitraz, midodrine, and phenylepherine overdose and poisoning.	Dogs- 50 mcg/kg IM q3-4h PRN;
11	Atropine Atropine Sulfate Tropine tropate dl-Tropyl tropate dl-Hyoscyamine Atropia	poisonings; carbamateand organophosphate pesticides, chemicalterrorist agents, various drugs and plants as well as to treat poisoningassociated bradycardiahypotension:Aldicarb, Fumarate, Bromophos,Carbaryl, Chlofenvinphos,Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,Dicrotophos, Dioxathion, Disulfaton, Fensulfothion,Fenthion, Malathion,Methidathion, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Parathion,Profenphos, Propoxur,Terbufos, Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, Sarin, Soman, Tabun, Paraxon, Tacrine HCL, Baclofen, Bethanechol chloride, Bisprolol, Chloroform, Nicotine, Mushroom,Carbolic Acid, Phenol, Benzene, Physostigmine, Nitrobenzene, Cyanides, Opium, Morphine	Cattle, Horse,Dog, Cat, Swine, Sheep, Goats, Birds,Reptiles, Rabbits, Rodent -0.1-2.0 mg/kg administer ¼ dose IV with the remainder SQ or IM;
12	Calcium Disodium Edetate Calcium-EDTA Edetate disodium calcium Edetate calcium sodium Versenate	treatment of acute metal poisoning; lead, cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc and hexachlorobenzene poisoning.	Cattle, Sheep,Goats, Swine- 25-50 mg/kg IV slowly--PRN; Horses- 60-75 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Dogs, Cats,Rodent-25 mg/kg SQ, IV slowly PRN; Animals should be monitored for kidney function and zinc levels
13	Calcium chloride	hypocalcemia and cardiac dysrhythmias often associated with hyperkalemia: Lead, Fluoride, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethylene glycol, Oxalic acid, Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Hydrogen fluoride, Hydrofluric acid, Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Verapamil HCL, Bepridil HCL, and Diltiazem, Phosphine, Hypermagnesemia, Black Widow Spider bite Oxalates Calcium chloride is the preferred treatment source in cases of fluoride or calcium channelblocker drug toxicoses because it ionizes more readily than other calcium sources. In such cases it is imperative that the clinical toxicologist closely	25-125 mg/kg IV slowly PRN, PO; Cattle, Horses 20-30 mg/kg IV slowly PRN, PO; Sheep, Goats 20-60 mg/kg IV slowly PRN, Swine 5-50 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Dogs, Cats All doses should be calculated based on deficit of elemental calcium: 1 g Calcium chloride =272 mg (13.6 mEq) Elemental calcium.
14	Calcium gluconate Calcium borogluconate	--do--	150-250 mg/lg IV slowly PRN, PO; Cattle, Horses, Sheep,Goats, Swine 25-150 mg/kg IV slowly PRN, PO; Dogs, Cats 50-100 mg/kg IV slowly PRN, PO; Birds 1 g Calcium gluconate = 90 mg (4.5 mEq) elemental calcium
15	Calcium Lactate	Indications are the same as those stated for the other Calcium salts with the exception of administration. This is an oral salt preparations 1 g Calcium lactate = 130 mg (6.5 mEq) elemental calcium	40-250 mg/kg PO PRN; Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats 40-500 mg/kg PO PRN; Swine 30-150 mg/kg PO PRN; Dogs, Cats
16	Calcium-phosphate	1 g Calcium glycerophosphate = 190 mg (9.5 mEq) elemental calcium	Dogs- 30-100 mg/kg IM, SQ, IV, PRN;
17	Cyproheptadine HCl Triplennamine HCl	the treatment of seratonergic drug overdose ,plant poisonings: Amitriptyline,Amphetamine, Cisapride,Clomipramine, Dexfenfuramine,Fenfluramine, Fluoxetine,Hydroxytryptophan, Imipramine,Isocarboxazid, Lithium, Meperidine,Moclobemide,Paroxetine, Selegiline, sertraline,Tranylcypromine, St. John’s Wort (Hypericum), Stonecrop (Sedum), Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus),	Cattle,Horses, SheepGoats, Swine, 1.1 mg/kg PO q8-12h PRN; Dogs, Cats 1.0 mg/kg IM q6-12h PRN; Dogs, Cats- 1.1 mg/kg PO q6-12h PRN;
	Dantrolene Sodium Dantrium	Acts directly on skeletal muscle, interfering with calcium metabolism and catabolic processes associated with generation of hyperthermia. Used in poisoning which might result in severe hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia; Monamine oxidase inhibitors, halogenated hydrocarbons, atropine, dinitrophenol, metaldehyde, cocaine, amphetamines, spent Hops (Lumulus), Ergot alkaloids (Claviceps), Tall Fescue (Festuca), Jimson Weed (Datura), Ryegrass (Lolium)	2-3 mg/kg IV PRN; Dogs 0.5-2 mg/kg IV PRN; Cats 3.5-4.0 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Swine 10-25 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Horses Monitor hepatic function.
18	Deferoxamine Mesylate Desferrioxamine B DFM Myselat	naturally occurring chelator of tri-valent ions used in the treatment and decontamination of iron and aluminum poisoning as well as doxorubicin, paraquat, aminoglycoside and acetaminophen poisonings.	Dogs, Cats- 5-15 mg/kg IV, SQ, IM PRN;
19	Dextrose Glucose	In the  treatment of hypoglycemia  ,which may result directly or indirectly from poisoning; Ethanol,Clonidine, Insulin, Salicylates, Sulfonylureas,Organophosphates, Phenformin, Metformin,Biguanides, Castor Bean (Ricinus),Bitterweed andRubberweed (Asteraceae).	Cattle, Horses- 100-550 mg/kg IV, IP; (5%-50% aqueous solution) Sheep, Swine- 250-500 mg/kg IV, IP (5%-25% aqueous solution) Goats-(11-300 mg/kg IV, IP (5%-25%aqueous solution) Dogs, Cat-s 500-1000 mg/kg IV, IP (2.2%-5% aqueous solution)
20	Diazepam Methyl Diazepam	Anticonvulsant and Anxiolytic, Used in the treatment of seizures that may be caused by direct toxic effects or secondary to hypoxia or other metabolic or electrolyte disturbance; Isoniazid, Lithium, Salicylates, Theophylline, Caffine, Theobromine, Amphetamines, Nicotine, Atropine, Aminopyridine, Lead, Metaldehyde, Cyanides, Fluoroacetate, Mycotoxins, Organochlorines, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Strychnine, Cocaine, Opioids, Mefenamic Acid, Methylxanthines, Phenylethylamines, Ergot Alkaloids (Claviceps)	Cattle, Sheep,Goats -0.5-2.0 mg/kg IV, IM Horses -0.5-50.0 mg/kg IV, IM ; Swine- 0.5-10.0 mg/kg IV, IM; Dogs- 0.5-5.0 mg/kg IV, IM Cats-0.5-2.5 mg/kg IV, IM Rabbits- 0.5-10.0 mg/kg IV, IM Birds -0.5-2.0 mg/kg IV, IM
21	Diphenhydramine HCL	Antihistamine, sedative,anticholinergic, antiemetic, reverses toxoid and toxin induced extrapyramidal effects. Used in the treatment of poisonings and drug overdose; Paclitaxel, Monosodium Glutamate,Antivenin, Haloperidol, Phenothiazine Derivatives and Tranquilizers (Acepromazine).	Cattle-0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV, IM Horses -0.5-2.0 mg.kg IV, IM Dogs, Cats- 1.0-5.0 mg/kg PO PRN; 0.5-4.0 mg/kg IV, IM 0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV, IM
22	Dimercaprol BAL British Anti-Lewisite 2,3 Dimercaptupropanol	Chelator of metal ions which form soluble sulfhydral group-ion complexes that areeliminated in the urine; used for the treatment of gold, cobalt, antimony,Contraindicated in Cadmium poisoning,arsenic (except arsine), copper, mercury (except non-alkyl mercury),Bismuth, hromium,Nickle, Tungsten, Zinc,and methyl bromide poisoning. and much less effective in lead, selenium and thallium poisoning.	1-2 mg/kg IM qid PRN; Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Swine, Dogs, Cats
24	Dopamine 3-Hydroxytyramine	Inotropic agent,norepinepherine precursor. Used forhypotension reversal inthe treatment of some drug, plant and ineralpoisonings; Dantrolene,Ethchlorovynol, Torsemide, Copper, Yew(Taxus), Autum Crocus(Colchicum), Amanita Mushroom (Amanita).	1-20 ug/kg/min IV PRN; Dogs, Cats, Cattle, Horses Contraindicated in tachyarrhythmia. Numerous drug interaction and incompatability.
25	Edrophonium Chloride	short acting competitive inhibitor ofacetylcholinesterase. Used in reversing the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents; Curare,Tubocurarine, Atropine, Ivermectin, Avermectins Gallamine, Atracurium, Metocurine, Pancuronium Bromide, Vecuronium, Botulism (Cl. Botulinum), and as a secondary agent in the treatment of Coral (Micrurus) and Cobra (Naja) snake bite and Tetrodotoxin poisoning from Porcupine Fish (Diodon), Deadly Nightshade Atropa),Jimson Weed (Datura), Henbane (Hyoscyamus), Mandrake (mandragora),	0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Dogs 0.05-0.125 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Cats 0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV slowly PRN; Horses
26	Egg Whites	Natural clear colloidal protein (albumin) mass with unique physicalchemical characteristics; denatures, coagulates, and is heat sensitive, hasgood demulcent properties. Useful in thetreatment of Mercury,Copper, Tin, Silver, Hydrogen Peroxide,Phenol, Picuric Acid,Formaldehyde, Ether,Alcohol, householdCleaners and Detergents, Corrosive Chemical poisonings.	1-2 egg whites/5-10 kg PO; Dogs, Cats, Calves, Foals, Lambs, Kids, Pigs Usually administered with milk.
27	Epinephrine Adrenalin Adrenaline	Positive inotrope, cardiovascular stimulant and bronchodilator. Used in the treatment of insect bite-induced anaphylaxis, insect bite poisoning, as well as drug-induced anaphylaxis, drug poisoning; b-blocker poisoning, Chloroquine, Vaccines, Fire Ants (Solenopsis), Africanized Bees or Honey Bees (Apis), Yellow Jackets (Vespula), Paper Wasp (Polistes), White Faced Hornets (Dolichovespula)	0.01-0.02 mg/kg (0.45- 0.9 ml 1:1,000/kg) IM, SQ PRN; Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Swine, Dogs, Cats 0.01-0.02 mg/kg (1:10,000) IV PRN; Dogs, Cats, Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Swine Usual large animal dose, 1:1000, is 1 cc /100 lbs.
28	Flumazenil	GABA receptorantagonist. Used in thetreatment ofbenzodiazepine poisoningand overdose; Diazepam,Alprazolam, Lorazepam,and Ethyl Alcohol poisoning.	0.01-0.2 mg/kg slowly IV PRN or 0.05 mg/kg/hour in IV drip; Dogs, Cats Total dose not to exceed 2 mg. Monitor for efficacy and seizure induction.
	Ethyl Alcohol Alcohol Ethanol Ethanolum Alcoo	Competitive substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase. Used in the treatment of Ethylene Glycol and Methanol poisoning	5.5 ml/kg as 20% solution in 5% Dextrose q4-6h IV for 5 treatments; Dogs, Cats Monitor electrolytes acid/base balance.
29	Folic Acid Folacin Folate Pteroylglutamic acid Vitamin B9	adjunct treatment in Ethylene Glycol orMethanol poisoning and Pyrimethamine poisoning or overdoses. .	Dogs, Cats, Horses  4-10 ug/kg slowly IV,PO: Not to exceed 1 mg/day; Dogs, Cats, Foals Not to exceed 2 mg/day; Adult Horses Does not taste good
	Gelatin	Heterogeneous mixture of water-soluble proteins derived from natural collagen; absorbent (absorbs 5-10 times its weight), demulcent, stabilizer, thickener, texureizer, and hemostatic sponge. Insoluble in organic solvents. Used in the treatment of household chemical poisoning; aqueous cleaners, bases and alkalis.	3-6 g/kg PO; Dogs, Cats, Foals, Lambs, Kids, Pigs. (2 tablsp/5- 10 kg) Not for use with aldehydes.
30	Hydroxycobalamin Hydroxocobemine	Physiologic analog ofVitamin B12 (B12a) where the CN group is replaced by OH. The molecule will subsequently bind  cyanide and cyanide containing compounds to form cyanocobalamin and eliminate excess bound product through the urine. Used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning;	10-15 mg/kg slowly IV, 15 g in 250 ml Dextrose 5%; Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats Dogs, Cats, Calves, Foals, Lambs, Kids- 5-10 mg/kg slowly IV, 6.25 g in 125 ml Dextrose 2.5%: 50 mg Hydroxocobalamin binds 1 mg cyanide. Slowly = 10 minute period Plasma cyanogenic glycoside (CN) levels greater than 250 mcg/L is lethal. Antidotal synergy with thiosulfate.
31	Magnesium Sulfate Epsom Salts	chemical antidoteimmobilizing lead in the gut by precipitating it by means of formation of insoluble lead sulfate,  activity. Used in the treatment of Metallic lead; lead battery, lead shot,lead foil, lead weights, lead paint and sinker poisonings especially of cattle, swine.	1-2 g/kg as a 5%solution PO; Cattle,Horses, Sheep, Goats,Swine, Dogs Cats, Poultry Can be top-dressed orfeed mixed as well as supplied in the drinking water of poultry. Do not use in cases of clinical gastroenteritis
32	Methylene Blue	Oxidation-reduction agentwhich reduces ferric iron in oxidized hemoglobin to the ferrous form at low concentrations 1% or less (at high concentrations it is itself a potent oxidizer). Used in the treatment of methemaglobinemia following exposure to oxidizing agents and nitrate accumulating plants; Analine derivatives, Phenacetin (Acetanilide), Benzocaine, Chloates, Hydrazine, Dapsone, Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitrobenzenes, Cresol, Duron, Gluthetimide, Cetacaine, Mercaptan, Napthalene, Nitric Oxide, Nitroglycerin, Propylene glycol dinitrate, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrotolulenes,Used in the treatment ofmethemaglobinemia following exposure to oxidizing agents andnitrate accumulating plants; Analinederivatives, Phenacetin (Acetanilide), Benzocaine, Chloates, Hydrazine, Dapsone, Nitrates,Nitrites, Nitrobenzenes, Cresol, Duron,Gluthetimide, Cetacaine,Mercaptan,  Napthalene, Nitric Oxide, Nitroglycerin, Propylene glycol dinitrate,Nitrofurantoin	1-3 mg/kg of 1%solution IV PRN; Dogs,Cats 1-10 mg/kg of 1%solution IV PRN; Cattle,Horses 1-5 mg/kg of 1%solution IV PRN;Sheep, Goats
33	Methocarbamol	Skeletal muscle antispasmotic, depressing multisynaptic pathways in the spinal chord without interfering with muscle function. Used in the treatment of Permethrin, Metaldehyde, Strychnine, Tetanus (Clostridium), Snakeroot (Eupatorium), Tremorgenic Mycotoxin (Acremonium), Ergot Alkaloids (Claviceps), and Penicillium Molds	110 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Cattle 4-25 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Horses 50-250 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Dogs, Cats Monitor for CNS depression
34	Milk	Used in the treatment of poisonings:Bleaches, Soaps, Detergents, Ammonia Compounds, General Corrosives, Organic Solvents, Essential Oils, Volatile organics,Oxalates, plant poisons	6-12 ml/kg PO; Dogs, Cats, Calves, Foals, Lambs, Kids, Pigs
	Norepinepherine Noradrenalin Levarterenol Adrenon Levophed	Direct actingsympathomimetic amineidentical to the endogenously producedcatecolaminenorepinepherine. Alpha- Adrenergic agonist useful in reversing lifethreatening hypotension by increasing systolic anddiastolic blood pressure through it vasoconstrictive action. Used to restore blood pressure in toxic insults which create an acute hypotensive state by blocking alphaadrenergic receptors: Dibenyline, Dibenamine, Phenothiazine derived tranquilizers (Acepromazine®, etc.), Copper, Ergot alkaloids (Ergotamine	0.01-0.05 ug/kg/min administered in 500 ml 5% Dextrose solution, slowly IV PRN; Cattle, Horses 0.05-0.1 ug/kg/min administered in 500 ml 2.5% Dextrose solution, slowly IV, PRN; Dogs, Cats Not to exceed 2 ug/min. Extravasation causes severe necrosis; for occurrence administer multiple local SQ injections of phentolamine, 5-10 mg in 10-15 ml of normal saline, 0.9%
	Naloxone HCL Narcan Nalone	Opiate antagonist, pure analog, competes with and displaces narcotic at receptor sites (Mu, Kappa, and Sigma). Used in the treatment of narcotic and narcotic-like poisonings: Butorphanol, Alfentanil, Belladonna, Buprenorphine, Pentazocine, Captopril, Nalbuphine, Clonidine, Codine, Heroin, Dextromethorphan, Atropine, Diphenoxylate, Fentanyl Citrate, GHBA, Guanfacine, Hydrocodone, Homatropine, Hydromorphone, Ketobemidone, Levomethadyl, Acetate, Levophanol Tartrate, Lisinopril, Loperamide, Meperidine, Methadone, Morphine, Nalbuphine, Nitrous Oxide, Opium Alkaloids, Opium Tincture, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Paregoric, Propoxyphene, Sulfentanil, Tramadol, Valproic Acid, Zipeprol, Jimsonweed (Datura), Belladonna (Atropus), Jessamine (Cestrum), Henbane (Hyoscyamus), Poppy (Papaver	0.01-0.05 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Dogs, Cats 0.01-0.08 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Horses Drug is of short duration, 30-60 minutes, must therefore continuously monitor for recurrent adverse effects.
35	Neostigmine	Used in the treatment of non-depolarizingneuromuscular blocking agents. Used in the treatment of curare, atropine, ivermectin,avermectins, ,tubocurarine, Gallamine, Atracurium, Metocurine, Pancuronium romide,Vecuronium, Botulism (Cl. Botulinum), and as a secondary agent in thetreatment of Coral (Micrurus) and Cobra (Naja) snake bite and Tetrodotoxin poisoning from Porcupine Fish (Diodon), Deadly Nightshade Atropa), Jimson Weed (Datura),	0.001-0.05 mg/kg SQ,IM; Dogs 0.01-0.04 mg/kg IM;Cats 0.02-0.4 mg/kg SQ, IV PRN; Cattle, Horses 0.03-0.06 mg/kg IM;Swine 0.01-0.03 mg/kg SQ;Sheep, Goats Corticosteroids may decrease effects.
36	Penicillamine D-Penicillamine	Used in the treatment of metal poisoning: Copper, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Mercury, Bismuth, Gold, Arsenic and possibly other heavy metals.	50-60 mg/kg PO daily for 6 days: Sheep, Goats 30-125 mg/kg PO daily, in divided dose, PRN: Dogs, Cats, Pigs Contraindicated in penicillin drug hypersensitivity and related blood dyscrasias.
37	Phenobarbital Sodium Phenobarbital Phenobarbitone	Used to control seizures associated with drug overdose and poisoning, as well as stimulating detoxification ofpesticides:Organochlorines andChlorinated hydrocarbons, Cocaine, Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO), 4- aminopyridine, Metaldehyde, Isonazid.	Cattle:- 5 g PO 3-4 weeks\PRN; Cattle, Horses:- 8-15 mg/kg IV PRN; Swine-:-  2.5-15 mg/kg IV PRN; 3-30 mg/kg IV PRN;Dogs 3-6 mg/kg IV PRN; Cats
38	Pralidoxime 2-PAM Protopam Chloride 2-Pyridine Aldoxime Methylchloride	Used in the treatment of poisoning by organophosphatepesticides and drug overdose: Bromophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlopyrifos, Diazinon, Dicrotophos, Dioxathion, Disulfoton,Endrophonium, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Malathion, Methidathion, Sarin, Soman, Tabun, Parathion, Profenfos, Tacrine, Terbufos, Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate, Echothiophate	Cattle -25-50 mg/kg slowly IV in 5% Dextrose bid PRN; Horses -20-35 mg/kg slowly IV in 5% Dextrose qid PRN; Dogs Cat-s 10-20 mg/kg slowly IV ,SQ, IM bid or tid PRN;, Usually, therapy is combined with atropine
	Phytonadione Phylloquinone Phytomenadione Vitamin K1	Synthetic naphthoquinone, which is identical to natural vitamin K, which promotes liver biosynthesis and regeneration of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. Will not reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Used in the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia caused by drug overdose, chemical, rodenticide and plant poisonings: Coumarin, Indandione, Quinidine, Quinine, Salicylates, Sulfonamides, Brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, Chlorphacinone, Hydroxycoumarin, Indanedione, Phytonadione, Pindone, Pivaldione, Dicumarol, Warfarin, Difethialone, Sweet Clover (Melilotus), Vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum	0.5-2.5 mg/kg SQ, IM daily PRN; Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Swine, Birds 2-5 mg/kg PO, SQ, IM daily in divided dose PRN; Dogs, Cats, Pocket Pets Anaphylactic reactions have been reported with IV
39	Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Sodium Acid Carbonate Baking Soda	Short-acting, potent antacid. Systemic alkalinizer which is used to correct metabolic acidosis, QRS prolongation, rhabdomyolysis and to alkalinize urine in poisonings and drug overdose: Amitriptyline- Perphenazine, Amitryptyline, Amoxapine, Desipramine, Diethylene Glycol, Doxepin, Ethylene Glycol, Formaldehyde, Glycol Ethers, Imipramine, Maprotiline, Metformin, Methanol, Nortriptyline, Potassium Chloride, Propylene Glycol, Quinidine, Strychnine, Trimipramine Maleate, Ethanol, Salicylates, Chlorphenoxy Herbicides, Cockerell and Rubberweed (Hymenoxys), Jimmyweed and Goldenrod (Isocoma), Sugar Beet (Beta To correct metabolic acidosis, QRSprolongation,rhabdomyolysis and toalkalinize urine n poisonings and drugoverdose: Amitriptyline-Perphenazine, Amitryptyline, Desipramine, DiethyleneGlycol, Doxepin, EthyleneGlycol, Formaldehyde, ,Imipramine,Metformin, Methanol,Nortriptyline, PotassiumChloride, PropyleneGlycol, Quinidine,Strychnine, TrimipramineMaleate, Ethanol,Salicylates, Chlorphenoxy Herbicides	Doseshould be equivalent to ½ of calculated dose administered by slow intravenous infusion. 70-180 mg/kg PO PRN;Cattle 40-120 mg/kg PO PRN;Horses 20-100 mg/kg PO PRN;Sheep, Goats 20-80 mg/kg PO PRN;Dogs 20-150 mg/kg PO PRN; Cats
40	Sodium Thiosulfate Sodium Hyposulfite Sodothiol Sulfothiorine Ametox Hypo Antichlor	Sodium salt which acts as an exogenous source of sulfur for increasing enzyme kinetics of rhodanase in cyanide detoxification and as a chelator of some metals. Used in the treatment of cyanide and some metal poisonings: Cisplatin, Iodine, Arsenic, Chlorates, Cyanide, Acetonitrile, Acrylonitrile, Chinese Taro (Alocasia), Elderberry (Sambucus), Poison Suckleya (Suckleya), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus), Cassava (Manihot), Stillingia (Stillingia), Acacia (Acacia), Trefoil (Lotus), Clover (Trifolium), Rush (Juncus), Bamboo (Nandina), Cherry, Plum, Peach, etc. (Prunus), Mannagrass (Glyceria), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum), Sorghum and Johnsongrass (Sorghum), Serviceberry (Amelanchier), Christmas Holly (Heteromeles), Arrowgrass (Triglochin). Contraindicated for Hydrogen SulfidUsed in cyanide and some metal poisonings: Cisplatin, Iodine, Arsenic, Chlorates, Cyanide	15-25 mg/kg IV, IP as 25% solution; Cattle, Horses 8.5-13.2 mg/kg IV, IP as 25% solution when administered with or following Sodium Nitrite; Cattle, Horses 20-60 mg/kg IV, IP as 25% solution; Sheep, Goats 10-30 mg/kg IV, IP as 25% solution when administered with or following Sodium Nitrite; Sheep, Goats 10-20 mg/kg as 25% solution; Swine 50-200 mg/kg as 25% solution; Dogs Often used with 1% Sodium Nitrite
41	Thiamine Thiamine HCL Vitamin B1	Used in the treatment of various poisonings: Ametryn, Amitrole, Atrazine, Bromacil, 4-Methylimidazole, 2,4-DPhenoxy erbicides,Glyphosate, Imazapyr, Picloram, Prometon, , Triclorpyr, Lead,Sulfur, Horsetail (Equisetum), Bracken Fern (Pteridium)	2.5-10 mg/kg IM, IV PRN; Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Swine, Dogs, Cats
42	Tolazoline Priscoline ,	increasescardiac output and rate, Used in thetreatment of drug overdose and poisonings: Xylazine, Clonidine, Ergot (Claviceps), Canarygrass	2-4 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Cattle, Sheep, Deer, Goats 4 mg/kg slowly IV PRN; Horses
43	Yohimbine	Used in thetreatment of drug overdose and poisoning:Amitraz, Xylazine, Clonidine.	0.125 mg/kg IV; Cattle, Sheep, Goats 0.075 mg/kg IV; Horses 0.1 mg/kg IV; Dogs 0.5 mg/kg IV; Cats 0.25 mg/kg IV; Llamas 0.2 mg/kg IV; Rabbits & Pocket Pets
	Sodium Sulfate Glauber’s Salt	Saline cathartic used inthe treatment of metal poisoning: Lead, Copper.	125-250 mg/kg as 6%solution PO; Cattle 60-125 mg/kg as 6% solution PO; Horses 95-280 mg/kg as 6% solution PO; Sheep, Goats, Swine 45-50 mg/kg as 6% solution PO; Dogs 75-150 mg/kg as 6%
	Sodium Nitrite Nitrous Acid Sodium	Used in conjunction with Amyl Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate in the treatment of Cyanide, Hydrogen Sulfide and other poisonings: Acetonitrile, Chinese Taro (Alocasia), Elderberry (Sambucus), Poison Suckleya (Suckleya), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus), Cassava (Manihot), Stillingia(Stillingia), Acacia (Acacia), Trefoil (	PRN; Cattle, Horses 10 mg/kg IV, IP, PRN; Sheep, Goats 16-22 mg/kg IV, IP, PRN; Dogs, Cats Always used in combination with Sodium Thiosulfate
	Succimer DMSA Meso-dimercaptosuccinate Dimercaptosuccinate DIM-SA	Heavy metal chelator, water soluble, dimercaprol analog, which binds to toxic metals and aids in their renal elimination. Used in the treatment of various metal poisonings: Arsenic, Cobalt, Lead, Iron, Mercury, Zinc.	10 mg/kg PO bid/tid PRN; Dogs, Cats