Jagadeeswaran Appusamy

Definitions in veterinary chemotherapy Chemotherapy The treatment of disease by means of chemicals that have a specific toxic effect upon the disease-producing microorganisms or that selectively destroy cancerous tissue. The treatment of cancer using specific chemical agents or drugs that are selectively destructive to malignant cells and tissues. The treatment of disease using chemical agents or drugs that are selectively toxic to the causative agent of the disease, such as a virus or other microorganism. Antibiotics                 A drug used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viral infections. Originally, an antibiotic was a substance produced by one microorganism that selectively inhibits the growth of another.                 A ny of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria

Classification of Antimicrobials I. Basing on nature of antimicrobial action: A . Antibacterial (bacteriostatic and bactericidal), antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anthelmintic, antirickettsial, antimalarial, antitubercular, acaricide, anticancer, anticoccidial, etc. B . Antibacterial: 1. Bacteriostatic antimicrobials : Suppress bacterial growth and multiplication. E.g.: Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin, etc. 2. Bactericidal antimicrobials : Cause actual death of the bacteria. E.g.: Penicillins, cephalosporins, streptomycin, kanamycin, colistin, bacitracin, nitrofurons, etc. II. Basing on antimicrobial spectrum :                 1. Narrow spectrum: Effective against limited group of microbes.                                 a. Against Gram-positive: Penicillins, erythromycin, lincomycin, bacitracin, etc.                                  b. Against Gram-negative: Streptomycin, gentamycin, polymyxin B, etc. 2. Broad sp

Antimicrobial Resistance The introduction of antimicrobials transformed human and animal health systems by revolutionizing our weaponry in the war against infectious diseases, resulting in improved survivability for both humans and their domestic animals. However, this health triumph was immediately ebbed by the subsequent realization that bacterial populations could quickly modify themselves to resist antimicrobials, propagate these resistance traits, and even share resistance genes with other contemporary bacteria within their environment. Such abilities have seriously compromised the usefulness of antibiotics in the war against microbes and warn of a future when antimicrobials may have very limited usefulness to control bacterial infection Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism to survive and multiply in the presence of an antimicrobial agent that would normally inhibit or kill this particular kind of organism. Antimicrobial resistance is just one of th