Jagadeeswaran Appusamy

OECD/OCDE 403 Adopted:7 September 2009 @OECD, (2009) You are free to use this material for personal, non-commercial purposes without seeking prior consent from the OECD, provided the source is duly mentioned. Any commercial use of this material is subject to written permission from the OECD. OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS Acute Inhalation Toxicity INTRODUCTION 1. OECD Guidelines are periodically reviewed in the light of scientific progress, changing regulatory needs, and animal welfare considerations. The original acute inhalation Test Guideline 403 was adopted in 1981. This revised Test Guideline 403 (TG 403) (1) has been designed to be more flexible, to reduce animal usage, and to fulfil regulatory needs. The revised TG 403 features two study types: a Traditional LC50 protocol and a Concentration x Time (C x t) protocol. Primary features of this Test Guideline are the ability to provide a concentration-response relationship ranging from nonlethal to lethal outcomes i

Users of this Test Guideline should consult the Preface, in particular paragraphs 3, 4, 7 and 8. 402 Adopted: OECD GUIDELINE FOR TESTING OF CHEMICALS 24 Feb 1987   "Acute Dermal Toxicity"   1. INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION • Prerequisites – Solid or liquid test substance – Chemical identification of test substance – Purity (impurities) of test substance – Solubility characteristics – Melting point/boiling point – pH (where appropriate) • Standard d o c u m e n t s There are no relevant international standards.   2. METHOD   A. INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE, SCOPE, RELEVANCE, APPLICATION AND LIMITS OF TEST In the assessment and evaluation of the toxic characteristics of a substance, determination of acute dermal toxicity is useful where exposure by the dermal route is likely. It provides information on health hazards likely to arise from a short-term exposure by the dermal route. Data from an acute dermal toxicity study may serve as a basis for classification and labelling. It is an

Aminoglycosides (Aminocyclitols) These are group of natural and semisynthetic antibiotics which contain aminosugars in glycosidic linkage. These are mostly bactericidal drugs that share chemical, antimicrobial, pharmacologic, and toxic characteristics. Classes •          Narrow-Spectrum Aminoglycosides             Included in this group are streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin , which are mainly active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria. •          Expanded-Spectrum Aminoglycosides             Neomycin, framycetin (neomycin B), paromomycin (aminosidine), and kanamycin have broader spectra than streptomycin that often include several gram-positive as well as many gram-negative aerobic bacteria. •          Broad spectrum Aminoglycosides                Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin (synthesized from kanamycin), sisomicin, and netilmicin are aminoglycosides with extended spectra that include Pseudomonas aeruginosa. •          Miscellaneous Aminoglycosi