Antibiotic Targets


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CETIRIZINE HCL

CETIRIZINE HCL 2nd GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINE Chemistry/Synonyms Cetirizine HCl occurs as a white to almost white, crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water. A 5% solution has a pH of 1.2 – 1.8. Cetirizine may also be known as: UCB-P071, P-071, cetirizina, cetirizini, cetirizin, ceterizino, or Zyrtec ®; many internationally registered trade names are available. Prescriber Highlights Oral, relatively non-sedating antihistamine Limited clinical experience in veterinary medicine; recommended dosages for dogs & cats vary widely but the drug appears well tolerated Potentially may cause vomiting, hypersalivation, or somnolence in small animals Expensive when compared to 1st generation antihistamines; generic products becoming available Uses/Indications Cetirizine is a H1 receptor blocking antihistamine agent that may be useful for the adjunctive treatment of histamine-mediated pruritic conditions in dogs or cats. Pharmacology/Actions Cetirizine, a...
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Skeletal muscle relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants Physiology of SKM Contraction 1. Motor nerve impulse à 2. Release of ACh à 3. Binds with N M receptors at NMJ à 4. Depolarization & development of EPP at motor end plate (Mainly due to influx of Na + ) à 5. Muscle action potential (MAP) – contraction of SKM à 6. ACh is rapidly inactivated by ChE leading to repolarization à 7. Muscle is ready for a fresh nerve impulse. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MUSCLE RELAXANTS Centrally acting muscle relaxants -           Reduce SKM tone by a selective action in the cerebrospinal axis, without altering consciousness. -           They selectively depress spinal and supraspinal polysynaptic reflexes involved in the regulation of muscle tone without significantly affecting monosynaptically mediated stretch reflex. -           Polysynaptic pathways in ascending reticula...
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CNS Stimulants

CNS Stimulants The CNS stimulants are classified into three major categories a.        Cortical stimulants b.       Medullary stimulants c.        Spinal stimulants Cortical stimulants These are further divided into three types 1.        Classical cortical stimulants – Cocaine, Xanthines, Ephedrine and Amphetamine 2.        Psychotomimetics – Lysergic acid 3.        Antidepressants (Thymoleptics) – Imipramine , tranylcypramine and Isoniazid. Classical cortical stimulants ·          Cocaine, Amphetamine, Ephedrine and Xanthine are cortical stimulants. ·          These drugs affect mainly the sensory cortex but the motor cortex is also stimulated with high dose. Cocaine ·     ...
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