ANTIDOTES
S.no
|
Name (s) of the antidote
|
Indications
|
Dosage
|
1
|
Acepromazine maleate
Acetazine
Acetopromazine
Acetyl-promazine
|
Seizures
associated with amphetamine methamphetamine,
4-Methylimidazole,
metaldehyde poisoning,usually preceding use of
barbiturate
or other anticonvulsant.
Contraindicated
inorganophosphate or strychnine poisoning.
|
Dogs,
Cats-0.03-0.05 mg/kg IV, IM;
Swine-0.1-0.2
mg/kg IV, IM;
Cattle,
Horses- 0.02-0.1 mg/kg IV, IM;
Sheep-0.03-0.05
IV;
Goats
0.03-0.1
mg/kg IV;
0.05-0.1
mg/kg IM;
Sheep,
Goats
|
2
|
Acetic
acid (Dilute 4%-6%)
Vinegar
(5%)
Ethanoic
acid
|
Ammonia
toxicosis; urea, carbon
monoxide,
hydrogen sulfide, and opiate
poisoning
, metallic salts; arsenic, selenium, tin, thallium, antimony.
|
Sheep,
Goats-0.5-1 L/ animal/ PO;
Cattle,
Sheep,Goats- 5-7 ml/kg of a dilute solution 1:4 or 1:5 with water or 20%
DextrosePO;
|
3
|
Acetylcysteine
N-Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine
Sodium
Mercapturic
Acid
|
acetaminophen
poisoning.
|
Dogs-150 mg/kg IV, PO;
Cats
-140 mg/kg IV, PO;
followed
by 70-75
mg/kg
q4h
|
4
|
Activated
Charcoal (10%)
|
Carbon
absorbent whichabsorbs toxic substancesand irritants, non-specificorganics
Not effectivefor minerals (elemental,acids, salts, alkalis), nor oils.
|
Cattle,Sheep,
Goats-1.0-3.0 g/kg PO;
Horses-0.5-1.65
g/kg PO;
Dogs,Cats
-2-8 g/kg PO
|
5
|
Aminophylline
Theophylline
ethyllenediamine
|
benzodiazepine
type
poisonings:
flurazepam,
midazolam,
forazepam
|
Horse- 4-15 mg/kg PO, IV; q8-12h
Dogs- 4-10 mg/kg PO, IV; q8-12h
|
6
|
Ammonium
Acetate (Dilute
7%)
|
cyanide,
opiate, phosgene, and
formaldehyde poisoning.
|
Dilute
1:20 with water.
Cattle,
Horses-0.23-1.1 mg/kg PO;
Dogs
-1.0-1.5 mg/kg PO;
|
7
|
Ammonium Molybdate
Ammonium paramolybdenate
|
Copper
poisoning
|
Sheep,
cattle- 100- 500mg/day/animalPO;
|
8
|
Amyl Nitrite/ Isoamyl
Nitrite
Isopentyl Nitrite/ Pentyl
Nitrite/
Poppers
|
cyanide, hydrogensulfide,
acrylonitrile,chloroform, iodine,
nitrates and strychnine
poisonings.
|
Cattle,Horse -30-60 minute
inhalation;
Dogs- 1.5-5 minute
inhalation;
|
9
|
Ascorbate
Vitamin C
Cevitamic
|
treatment of various drugs,
plants and metal poisonings; copper,iron, selenium, tellurium, chromium,
cobalt, lead, arsenic, nitrate-nitrite,
chlorates, aniline,
hydrazine,
hydroquinones, benzocaine,
phenacetin, potassium permanganate, quinines, toluidine,
sulfonamides,
acetaminophen, Red
Maple (Acer rubrum), PigWeed
(Amaranthus),Johnson Grass(Sorghum), Various
Weeds and Feed Grain
plants that have been
stressed with drought or
herbicide and thereby
accumulate nitrates.
|
Cattle, Horses - 7.5-15
mg/kg IV, IM,
SQ, PO;
; Dogs,Cats- 10-25 mg/kg
IV,IM,SQ,PO
Rabbits,Rodents -100 mg/kg
IV,IM,SQ,PO;
Swine,Sheep- 5-10 mg/kg
IV,IM,SQ,PO;
Goats- 2.5-5 mg/kg
IV,IM,SQ,PO;
|
10
|
Atipamezole
HCL
|
medetomidine, xylazine,
amitraz, midodrine, and
phenylepherine overdose
and poisoning.
|
Dogs- 50 mcg/kg IM q3-4h
PRN;
|
11
|
Atropine
Atropine Sulfate
Tropine tropate
dl-Tropyl tropate
dl-Hyoscyamine
Atropia
|
poisonings; carbamateand
organophosphate
pesticides,
chemicalterrorist agents, various drugs and plants as well
as to treat
poisoningassociated bradycardiahypotension:Aldicarb,
Fumarate,
Bromophos,Carbaryl, Chlofenvinphos,Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,Dicrotophos,
Dioxathion,
Disulfaton,
Fensulfothion,Fenthion, Malathion,Methidathion, Methiocarb,
Methomyl,
Parathion,Profenphos, Propoxur,Terbufos, Tetraethyl
pyrophosphate, Sarin,
Soman, Tabun, Paraxon, Tacrine HCL,
Baclofen, Bethanechol
chloride, Bisprolol, Chloroform, Nicotine,
Mushroom,Carbolic Acid,
Phenol,
Benzene, Physostigmine,
Nitrobenzene, Cyanides,
Opium, Morphine
|
Cattle, Horse,Dog, Cat,
Swine,
Sheep, Goats, Birds,Reptiles,
Rabbits,
Rodent -0.1-2.0 mg/kg administer
¼ dose IV with the remainder SQ
or
IM;
|
12
|
Calcium Disodium Edetate
Calcium-EDTA
Edetate disodium calcium
Edetate calcium sodium
Versenate
|
treatment of
acute metal poisoning;
lead, cobalt, copper,
manganese, zinc and
hexachlorobenzene
poisoning.
|
Cattle, Sheep,Goats, Swine-
25-50 mg/kg IV slowly--PRN;
Horses- 60-75 mg/kg IV
slowly PRN;
Dogs, Cats,Rodent-25 mg/kg
SQ, IV slowly PRN;
Animals should be
monitored for kidney
function and zinc
levels
|
13
|
Calcium
chloride
|
hypocalcemia and cardiac
dysrhythmias often
associated with
hyperkalemia: Lead,
Fluoride, Carbon
tetrachloride, Ethylene glycol, Oxalic acid,
Chlorinated hydrocarbons,
Hydrogen
fluoride, Hydrofluric acid,
Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Nimodipine,
Verapamil HCL, Bepridil
HCL, and Diltiazem,
Phosphine,
Hypermagnesemia, Black
Widow Spider bite
Oxalates
Calcium chloride is the
preferred treatment
source in cases of fluoride
or calcium channelblocker
drug toxicoses
because it ionizes more
readily than other calcium
sources. In such cases it
is imperative that the
clinical toxicologist
closely
|
25-125 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN, PO; Cattle,
Horses
20-30 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN, PO; Sheep,
Goats
20-60 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN, Swine
5-50 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN; Dogs, Cats
All doses should be
calculated based on
deficit of elemental
calcium: 1 g Calcium
chloride =272 mg (13.6
mEq)
Elemental
calcium.
|
14
|
Calcium gluconate
Calcium
borogluconate
|
--do--
|
150-250 mg/lg IV
slowly PRN, PO;
Cattle, Horses, Sheep,Goats,
Swine
25-150 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN, PO; Dogs, Cats
50-100 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN, PO; Birds
1 g Calcium gluconate
= 90 mg (4.5 mEq)
elemental
calcium
|
15
|
Calcium Lactate
|
Indications are the same
as those stated for the
other Calcium salts with
the exception of
administration. This is an
oral
salt preparations
1 g Calcium lactate = 130
mg (6.5 mEq) elemental
calcium
|
40-250 mg/kg PO PRN;
Cattle, Horses, Sheep,
Goats
40-500 mg/kg PO PRN;
Swine
30-150 mg/kg PO PRN;
Dogs, Cats
|
16
|
Calcium-phosphate
|
1 g Calcium
glycerophosphate = 190
mg (9.5 mEq) elemental
calcium
|
Dogs- 30-100 mg/kg IM, SQ,
IV,
PRN;
|
17
|
Cyproheptadine HCl
Triplennamine
HCl
|
the treatment of
seratonergic drug
overdose ,plant poisonings:
Amitriptyline,Amphetamine, Cisapride,Clomipramine,
Dexfenfuramine,Fenfluramine,
Fluoxetine,Hydroxytryptophan,
Imipramine,Isocarboxazid,
Lithium,
Meperidine,Moclobemide,Paroxetine,
Selegiline, sertraline,Tranylcypromine,
St. John’s Wort (Hypericum),
Stonecrop
(Sedum), Skunk
Cabbage
(Symplocarpus),
|
Cattle,Horses, SheepGoats,
Swine,
1.1 mg/kg PO q8-12h
PRN; Dogs, Cats
1.0 mg/kg IM q6-12h
PRN;
Dogs, Cats- 1.1 mg/kg PO
q6-12h
PRN;
|
|
Dantrolene Sodium
Dantrium
|
Acts directly on skeletal
muscle, interfering with
calcium metabolism and
catabolic processes
associated with
generation of
hyperthermia. Used in
poisoning which might
result in severe
hyperthermia or malignant
hyperthermia; Monamine
oxidase inhibitors,
halogenated
hydrocarbons, atropine,
dinitrophenol,
metaldehyde, cocaine,
amphetamines, spent
Hops (Lumulus), Ergot
alkaloids (Claviceps), Tall
Fescue (Festuca), Jimson
Weed (Datura), Ryegrass
(Lolium)
|
2-3 mg/kg IV PRN;
Dogs
0.5-2 mg/kg IV PRN;
Cats
3.5-4.0 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN; Swine
10-25 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN; Horses
Monitor hepatic
function.
|
18
|
Deferoxamine Mesylate
Desferrioxamine B
DFM
Myselat
|
naturally occurring
chelator of tri-valent ions
used in the treatment and
decontamination of iron and
aluminum poisoning as well as doxorubicin,
paraquat, aminoglycoside
and acetaminophen
poisonings.
|
Dogs, Cats- 5-15 mg/kg IV,
SQ, IM
PRN;
|
19
|
Dextrose
Glucose
|
In the treatment of
hypoglycemia ,which may
result directly or
indirectly
from poisoning;
Ethanol,Clonidine, Insulin,
Salicylates,
Sulfonylureas,Organophosphates,
Phenformin,
Metformin,Biguanides, Castor Bean (Ricinus),Bitterweed
andRubberweed (Asteraceae).
|
Cattle, Horses- 100-550
mg/kg IV, IP; (5%-50% aqueous
solution)
Sheep, Swine- 250-500 mg/kg
IV, IP (5%-25% aqueous
solution)
Goats-(11-300 mg/kg IV, IP
(5%-25%aqueous solution)
Dogs, Cat-s 500-1000 mg/kg
IV, IP (2.2%-5% aqueous
solution)
|
20
|
Diazepam
Methyl
Diazepam
|
Anticonvulsant and
Anxiolytic, Used in the
treatment of seizures that may be caused by
direct toxic effects or
secondary to hypoxia or other metabolic or electrolyte disturbance;
Isoniazid, Lithium, Salicylates, Theophylline,
Caffine, Theobromine,
Amphetamines, Nicotine, Atropine, Aminopyridine,
Lead, Metaldehyde,
Cyanides, Fluoroacetate, Mycotoxins,
Organochlorines,
Organophosphates,
Carbamates, Tricyclic
Antidepressants,
Strychnine, Cocaine,
Opioids, Mefenamic Acid, Methylxanthines, Phenylethylamines, Ergot
Alkaloids (Claviceps)
|
Cattle, Sheep,Goats
-0.5-2.0 mg/kg IV, IM
Horses -0.5-50.0 mg/kg IV,
IM ;
Swine- 0.5-10.0 mg/kg IV,
IM;
Dogs- 0.5-5.0 mg/kg IV, IM
Cats-0.5-2.5 mg/kg IV, IM
Rabbits- 0.5-10.0 mg/kg IV,
IM
Birds -0.5-2.0 mg/kg IV, IM
|
21
|
Diphenhydramine
HCL
|
Antihistamine,
sedative,anticholinergic,
antiemetic, reverses toxoid
and toxin induced extrapyramidal effects.
Used in the treatment of
poisonings and drug overdose; Paclitaxel, Monosodium Glutamate,Antivenin,
Haloperidol,
Phenothiazine Derivatives
and Tranquilizers (Acepromazine).
|
Cattle-0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV, IM
Horses -0.5-2.0 mg.kg IV,
IM
Dogs, Cats- 1.0-5.0 mg/kg
PO PRN;
0.5-4.0 mg/kg IV, IM
0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV, IM
|
22
|
Dimercaprol
BAL
British Anti-Lewisite
2,3
Dimercaptupropanol
|
Chelator of metal ions
which form soluble sulfhydral group-ion complexes that areeliminated in the
urine; used for the treatment of gold, cobalt, antimony,Contraindicated in
Cadmium poisoning,arsenic (except arsine), copper, mercury (except non-alkyl
mercury),Bismuth, hromium,Nickle, Tungsten, Zinc,and methyl bromide
poisoning. and much less effective in lead, selenium and
thallium
poisoning.
|
1-2 mg/kg IM qid PRN;
Cattle, Horses, Sheep,
Goats, Swine, Dogs,
Cats
|
24
|
Dopamine
3-Hydroxytyramine
|
Inotropic
agent,norepinepherine
precursor. Used
forhypotension reversal inthe treatment of some
drug, plant and
ineralpoisonings; Dantrolene,Ethchlorovynol,
Torsemide, Copper, Yew(Taxus),
Autum Crocus(Colchicum), Amanita Mushroom (Amanita).
|
1-20 ug/kg/min IV PRN;
Dogs, Cats, Cattle,
Horses
Contraindicated in
tachyarrhythmia.
Numerous drug
interaction and
incompatability.
|
25
|
Edrophonium
Chloride
|
short acting competitive
inhibitor ofacetylcholinesterase. Used in reversing the effects of
nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents; Curare,Tubocurarine, Atropine,
Ivermectin, Avermectins
Gallamine, Atracurium, Metocurine, Pancuronium
Bromide, Vecuronium,
Botulism (Cl. Botulinum),
and as a secondary agent
in the treatment of Coral (Micrurus)
and Cobra
(Naja) snake bite
and Tetrodotoxin poisoning
from Porcupine Fish (Diodon),
Deadly
Nightshade Atropa),Jimson
Weed (Datura),
Henbane (Hyoscyamus), Mandrake (mandragora),
|
0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN; Dogs
0.05-0.125 mg/kg IV
slowly PRN; Cats
0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV slowly
PRN;
Horses
|
26
|
Egg
Whites
|
Natural
clear colloidal protein (albumin) mass with unique physicalchemical characteristics;
denatures,
coagulates, and is heat sensitive, hasgood demulcent
properties.
Useful in thetreatment of Mercury,Copper, Tin, Silver,
Hydrogen
Peroxide,Phenol, Picuric Acid,Formaldehyde, Ether,Alcohol, householdCleaners
and Detergents, Corrosive
Chemical
poisonings.
|
1-2 egg whites/5-10 kg
PO; Dogs, Cats,
Calves, Foals, Lambs,
Kids, Pigs
Usually administered
with
milk.
|
27
|
Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Adrenaline
|
Positive inotrope,
cardiovascular stimulant
and bronchodilator. Used
in the treatment of insect
bite-induced anaphylaxis,
insect bite poisoning, as
well as drug-induced
anaphylaxis, drug
poisoning; b-blocker
poisoning, Chloroquine,
Vaccines, Fire Ants
(Solenopsis), Africanized
Bees or Honey Bees
(Apis), Yellow
Jackets
(Vespula), Paper
Wasp
(Polistes), White
Faced
Hornets (Dolichovespula)
|
0.01-0.02 mg/kg (0.45-
0.9 ml 1:1,000/kg) IM,
SQ PRN; Cattle,
Horses, Sheep, Goats,
Swine, Dogs, Cats
0.01-0.02 mg/kg
(1:10,000) IV PRN;
Dogs, Cats, Cattle,
Horses, Sheep, Goats,
Swine
Usual large animal
dose, 1:1000, is
1
cc /100 lbs.
|
28
|
Flumazenil
|
GABA receptorantagonist.
Used in thetreatment ofbenzodiazepine poisoningand overdose;
Diazepam,Alprazolam, Lorazepam,and Ethyl Alcohol
poisoning.
|
0.01-0.2 mg/kg slowly
IV PRN or 0.05
mg/kg/hour in IV drip;
Dogs, Cats
Total dose not to
exceed 2 mg.
Monitor for efficacy and
seizure
induction.
|
|
Ethyl
Alcohol
Alcohol
Ethanol
Ethanolum
Alcoo
|
Competitive substrate for
alcohol dehydrogenase.
Used in the treatment of
Ethylene Glycol and
Methanol poisoning
|
5.5 ml/kg as 20%
solution in 5% Dextrose
q4-6h IV for 5
treatments; Dogs, Cats
Monitor electrolytes
acid/base balance.
|
29
|
Folic Acid
Folacin
Folate
Pteroylglutamic acid
Vitamin
B9
|
adjunct treatment in
Ethylene Glycol orMethanol poisoning and Pyrimethamine poisoning or
overdoses.
.
|
Dogs, Cats,
Horses 4-10 ug/kg slowly IV,PO: Not to exceed 1
mg/day; Dogs, Cats,
Foals Not to exceed 2
mg/day; Adult Horses
Does
not taste good
|
|
Gelatin
|
Heterogeneous mixture of
water-soluble proteins
derived from natural
collagen; absorbent
(absorbs 5-10 times its
weight), demulcent,
stabilizer, thickener,
texureizer, and
hemostatic sponge.
Insoluble in organic
solvents. Used in the
treatment of household
chemical poisoning;
aqueous cleaners, bases
and alkalis.
|
3-6 g/kg PO; Dogs,
Cats, Foals, Lambs,
Kids, Pigs. (2 tablsp/5-
10 kg)
Not for use with
aldehydes.
|
30
|
Hydroxycobalamin
Hydroxocobemine
|
Physiologic analog ofVitamin
B12 (B12a) where
the CN group is replaced by
OH. The molecule will subsequently bind
cyanide and cyanide
containing compounds to
form cyanocobalamin and eliminate excess bound
product through the urine.
Used in the treatment of
cyanide poisoning;
|
10-15 mg/kg slowly IV,
15 g in 250 ml
Dextrose 5%; Cattle,
Horses, Sheep, Goats
Dogs,
Cats, Calves, Foals,
Lambs, Kids-
5-10 mg/kg slowly IV,
6.25 g in 125 ml
Dextrose 2.5%:
50 mg Hydroxocobalamin
binds 1 mg cyanide.
Slowly = 10 minute
period Plasma cyanogenic
glycoside (CN) levels
greater than 250 mcg/L
is lethal.
Antidotal synergy with
thiosulfate.
|
31
|
Magnesium Sulfate
Epsom
Salts
|
chemical
antidoteimmobilizing lead in the
gut by precipitating it by
means of formation of
insoluble lead
sulfate, activity. Used in the
treatment of Metallic lead;
lead battery, lead shot,lead foil, lead weights, lead paint and sinker
poisonings especially of cattle, swine.
|
1-2 g/kg as a 5%solution
PO; Cattle,Horses, Sheep, Goats,Swine, Dogs Cats, Poultry
Can be top-dressed orfeed
mixed as well as supplied in the drinking water of poultry. Do not use in
cases of
clinical
gastroenteritis
|
32
|
Methylene
Blue
|
Oxidation-reduction
agentwhich reduces ferric iron
in oxidized hemoglobin to
the ferrous form at low
concentrations 1% or less
(at high concentrations it
is itself a potent
oxidizer).
Used in the treatment of
methemaglobinemia
following exposure to
oxidizing agents and
nitrate accumulating
plants; Analine
derivatives, Phenacetin
(Acetanilide), Benzocaine,
Chloates, Hydrazine,
Dapsone, Nitrates,
Nitrites, Nitrobenzenes,
Cresol, Duron,
Gluthetimide, Cetacaine,
Mercaptan, Napthalene,
Nitric Oxide,
Nitroglycerin,
Propylene glycol dinitrate,
Nitrofurantoin,
Nitrotolulenes,Used in the
treatment ofmethemaglobinemia
following exposure to
oxidizing agents andnitrate accumulating plants; Analinederivatives,
Phenacetin (Acetanilide), Benzocaine, Chloates, Hydrazine, Dapsone,
Nitrates,Nitrites, Nitrobenzenes, Cresol, Duron,Gluthetimide, Cetacaine,Mercaptan, Napthalene, Nitric Oxide, Nitroglycerin,
Propylene glycol dinitrate,Nitrofurantoin
|
1-3 mg/kg of 1%solution IV
PRN; Dogs,Cats
1-10 mg/kg of 1%solution IV
PRN; Cattle,Horses
1-5 mg/kg of 1%solution IV
PRN;Sheep, Goats
|
33
|
Methocarbamol
|
Skeletal muscle
antispasmotic, depressing
multisynaptic pathways in
the spinal chord without interfering with muscle function. Used in the
treatment of Permethrin, Metaldehyde, Strychnine, Tetanus (Clostridium), Snakeroot
(Eupatorium), Tremorgenic Mycotoxin
(Acremonium), Ergot
Alkaloids (Claviceps), and Penicillium Molds
|
110 mg/kg slowly IV
PRN; Cattle
4-25 mg/kg slowly IV
PRN; Horses
50-250 mg/kg slowly IV
PRN; Dogs, Cats
Monitor for CNS
depression
|
34
|
Milk
|
Used in the treatment of
poisonings:Bleaches, Soaps, Detergents, Ammonia Compounds, General
Corrosives, Organic Solvents, Essential Oils, Volatile organics,Oxalates,
plant poisons
|
6-12 ml/kg PO; Dogs,
Cats, Calves, Foals,
Lambs,
Kids, Pigs
|
|
Norepinepherine
Noradrenalin
Levarterenol
Adrenon
Levophed
|
Direct
actingsympathomimetic amineidentical to the
endogenously
producedcatecolaminenorepinepherine. Alpha-
Adrenergic agonist useful in
reversing lifethreatening
hypotension
by increasing systolic
anddiastolic blood pressure
through it vasoconstrictive
action. Used to restore
blood pressure in toxic
insults which create an
acute hypotensive state
by blocking alphaadrenergic
receptors:
Dibenyline, Dibenamine,
Phenothiazine derived
tranquilizers
(Acepromazine®, etc.),
Copper, Ergot alkaloids
(Ergotamine
|
0.01-0.05 ug/kg/min
administered in 500 ml
5% Dextrose solution,
slowly IV PRN; Cattle,
Horses
0.05-0.1 ug/kg/min
administered in 500 ml
2.5% Dextrose
solution, slowly IV,
PRN; Dogs, Cats
Not to exceed 2
ug/min.
Extravasation causes
severe necrosis; for
occurrence administer
multiple local SQ
injections of
phentolamine, 5-10 mg
in 10-15 ml of normal
saline, 0.9%
|
|
Naloxone
HCL
Narcan
Nalone
|
Opiate antagonist, pure
analog, competes with
and displaces narcotic at
receptor sites (Mu,
Kappa, and Sigma).
Used in the treatment of
narcotic and narcotic-like
poisonings: Butorphanol,
Alfentanil, Belladonna,
Buprenorphine,
Pentazocine, Captopril,
Nalbuphine, Clonidine,
Codine, Heroin,
Dextromethorphan,
Atropine, Diphenoxylate,
Fentanyl Citrate, GHBA,
Guanfacine,
Hydrocodone,
Homatropine,
Hydromorphone,
Ketobemidone,
Levomethadyl, Acetate,
Levophanol Tartrate,
Lisinopril, Loperamide,
Meperidine, Methadone,
Morphine, Nalbuphine,
Nitrous Oxide, Opium
Alkaloids, Opium Tincture,
Oxycodone, Oxymorphone,
Paregoric,
Propoxyphene,
Sulfentanil, Tramadol,
Valproic Acid, Zipeprol,
Jimsonweed (Datura),
Belladonna (Atropus),
Jessamine (Cestrum),
Henbane (Hyoscyamus),
Poppy (Papaver
|
0.01-0.05 mg/kg slowly
IV PRN; Dogs, Cats
0.01-0.08 mg/kg slowly
IV PRN; Horses
Drug is of short
duration, 30-60
minutes, must therefore
continuously monitor
for recurrent adverse
effects.
|
35
|
Neostigmine
|
Used in the treatment of
non-depolarizingneuromuscular blocking agents. Used in the
treatment of curare,
atropine, ivermectin,avermectins, ,tubocurarine, Gallamine,
Atracurium, Metocurine,
Pancuronium romide,Vecuronium, Botulism (Cl.
Botulinum), and as a
secondary agent in thetreatment of Coral (Micrurus) and Cobra
(Naja) snake bite
and Tetrodotoxin poisoning
from Porcupine Fish (Diodon),
Deadly Nightshade Atropa), Jimson Weed (Datura),
|
0.001-0.05 mg/kg SQ,IM;
Dogs
0.01-0.04 mg/kg IM;Cats
0.02-0.4 mg/kg SQ, IV
PRN; Cattle, Horses
0.03-0.06 mg/kg IM;Swine
0.01-0.03 mg/kg SQ;Sheep,
Goats
Corticosteroids may
decrease effects.
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36
|
Penicillamine
D-Penicillamine
|
Used in the
treatment of metal
poisoning: Copper, Zinc,
Iron, Lead, Mercury,
Bismuth, Gold, Arsenic
and possibly other heavy
metals.
|
50-60 mg/kg PO daily
for 6 days: Sheep,
Goats
30-125 mg/kg PO daily,
in divided dose, PRN:
Dogs, Cats, Pigs
Contraindicated in
penicillin drug
hypersensitivity and
related blood
dyscrasias.
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37
|
Phenobarbital
Sodium Phenobarbital
Phenobarbitone
|
Used to control seizures
associated with drug
overdose and poisoning, as
well as stimulating
detoxification
ofpesticides:Organochlorines andChlorinated hydrocarbons, Cocaine,
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
(MAO), 4-
aminopyridine,
Metaldehyde,
Isonazid.
|
Cattle:- 5 g PO 3-4
weeks\PRN;
Cattle, Horses:- 8-15 mg/kg
IV PRN;
Swine-:- 2.5-15 mg/kg IV PRN;
3-30 mg/kg IV PRN;Dogs
3-6 mg/kg IV PRN;
Cats
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38
|
Pralidoxime
2-PAM
Protopam Chloride
2-Pyridine Aldoxime
Methylchloride
|
Used in the treatment of
poisoning by
organophosphatepesticides
and drug
overdose: Bromophos,
Chlorfenvinphos,
Chlopyrifos, Diazinon,
Dicrotophos, Dioxathion, Disulfoton,Endrophonium,
Fensulfothion, Fenthion,
Malathion, Methidathion, Sarin, Soman, Tabun,
Parathion, Profenfos,
Tacrine, Terbufos,
Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate,
Echothiophate
|
Cattle -25-50 mg/kg slowly
IV in 5% Dextrose bid PRN;
Horses -20-35 mg/kg slowly
IV in 5% Dextrose qid PRN;
Dogs Cat-s 10-20 mg/kg
slowly IV ,SQ, IM bid or tid PRN;, Usually, therapy is
combined
with atropine
|
|
Phytonadione
Phylloquinone
Phytomenadione
Vitamin K1
|
Synthetic
naphthoquinone, which is
identical to natural
vitamin
K, which promotes liver
biosynthesis and
regeneration of clotting
factors II, VII, IX, and X.
Will not reverse the
anticoagulant effects of
heparin. Used in the
treatment of
hypoprothrombinemia
caused by drug overdose,
chemical, rodenticide and
plant poisonings:
Coumarin, Indandione,
Quinidine, Quinine,
Salicylates, Sulfonamides,
Brodifacoum,
Bromadiolone,
Chlorphacinone,
Hydroxycoumarin,
Indanedione,
Phytonadione, Pindone,
Pivaldione, Dicumarol,
Warfarin, Difethialone,
Sweet Clover (Melilotus),
Vernalgrass
(Anthoxanthum
|
0.5-2.5 mg/kg SQ, IM
daily PRN; Cattle,
Horses, Sheep, Goats,
Swine, Birds
2-5 mg/kg PO, SQ, IM
daily in divided dose
PRN; Dogs, Cats,
Pocket Pets
Anaphylactic reactions
have been reported with IV
|
39
|
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Hydrogen
Carbonate
Sodium Acid Carbonate
Baking
Soda
|
Short-acting, potent
antacid. Systemic
alkalinizer which is used
to correct metabolic
acidosis, QRS
prolongation,
rhabdomyolysis and to
alkalinize urine in
poisonings and drug
overdose: Amitriptyline-
Perphenazine,
Amitryptyline, Amoxapine,
Desipramine, Diethylene
Glycol, Doxepin, Ethylene
Glycol, Formaldehyde,
Glycol Ethers,
Imipramine, Maprotiline,
Metformin, Methanol,
Nortriptyline, Potassium
Chloride, Propylene
Glycol, Quinidine,
Strychnine, Trimipramine
Maleate, Ethanol,
Salicylates, Chlorphenoxy
Herbicides, Cockerell and
Rubberweed
(Hymenoxys),
Jimmyweed and
Goldenrod (Isocoma),
Sugar Beet (Beta
To correct metabolic acidosis,
QRSprolongation,rhabdomyolysis and toalkalinize urine n poisonings and
drugoverdose: Amitriptyline-Perphenazine,
Amitryptyline, Desipramine,
DiethyleneGlycol, Doxepin, EthyleneGlycol, Formaldehyde, ,Imipramine,Metformin, Methanol,Nortriptyline,
PotassiumChloride, PropyleneGlycol, Quinidine,Strychnine,
TrimipramineMaleate, Ethanol,Salicylates, Chlorphenoxy
Herbicides
|
Doseshould be equivalent to
½ of calculated dose administered
by slow intravenous infusion.
70-180 mg/kg PO PRN;Cattle
40-120 mg/kg PO PRN;Horses
20-100 mg/kg PO PRN;Sheep,
Goats
20-80 mg/kg PO PRN;Dogs
20-150 mg/kg PO PRN;
Cats
|
40
|
Sodium Thiosulfate
Sodium
Hyposulfite
Sodothiol
Sulfothiorine
Ametox
Hypo
Antichlor
|
Sodium salt which acts as
an exogenous source of
sulfur for increasing
enzyme kinetics of
rhodanase in cyanide
detoxification and as a
chelator of some metals.
Used in the treatment of
cyanide and some metal
poisonings: Cisplatin,
Iodine, Arsenic,
Chlorates, Cyanide,
Acetonitrile,
Acrylonitrile,
Chinese Taro (Alocasia),
Elderberry (Sambucus),
Poison Suckleya
(Suckleya), Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus), Cassava
(Manihot), Stillingia
(Stillingia), Acacia
(Acacia), Trefoil (Lotus),
Clover (Trifolium), Rush
(Juncus), Bamboo
(Nandina), Cherry,
Plum,
Peach, etc. (Prunus),
Mannagrass (Glyceria),
Indiangrass
(Sorghastrum), Sorghum
and Johnsongrass
(Sorghum), Serviceberry
(Amelanchier), Christmas
Holly (Heteromeles),
Arrowgrass (Triglochin).
Contraindicated for
Hydrogen SulfidUsed in
cyanide and some metal
poisonings: Cisplatin,
Iodine, Arsenic,
Chlorates,
Cyanide
|
15-25
mg/kg IV, IP as
25%
solution; Cattle,
Horses
8.5-13.2
mg/kg IV, IP
as
25% solution when
administered
with or
following
Sodium
Nitrite;
Cattle, Horses
20-60
mg/kg IV, IP as
25%
solution; Sheep,
Goats
10-30
mg/kg IV, IP as
25%
solution when
administered
with or
following
Sodium
Nitrite;
Sheep, Goats
10-20
mg/kg as 25%
solution;
Swine
50-200
mg/kg as 25%
solution;
Dogs
Often
used with 1%
Sodium
Nitrite
|
41
|
Thiamine
Thiamine HCL
Vitamin
B1
|
Used in the treatment of
various
poisonings: Ametryn,
Amitrole, Atrazine,
Bromacil,
4-Methylimidazole, 2,4-DPhenoxy erbicides,Glyphosate, Imazapyr,
Picloram, Prometon, ,
Triclorpyr, Lead,Sulfur, Horsetail (Equisetum), Bracken Fern (Pteridium)
|
2.5-10 mg/kg IM, IV
PRN; Cattle, Horses,
Sheep, Goats, Swine,
Dogs,
Cats
|
42
|
Tolazoline
Priscoline
,
|
increasescardiac output and
rate, Used in thetreatment of drug
overdose and poisonings:
Xylazine, Clonidine, Ergot
(Claviceps),
Canarygrass
|
2-4 mg/kg slowly IV
PRN; Cattle, Sheep,
Deer, Goats
4 mg/kg slowly IV PRN;
Horses
|
43
|
Yohimbine
|
Used in thetreatment of
drug
overdose and
poisoning:Amitraz, Xylazine,
Clonidine.
|
0.125 mg/kg IV; Cattle,
Sheep, Goats
0.075 mg/kg IV; Horses
0.1 mg/kg IV; Dogs
0.5 mg/kg IV; Cats
0.25 mg/kg IV; Llamas
0.2 mg/kg IV; Rabbits &
Pocket
Pets
|
|
Sodium Sulfate
Glauber’s Salt
|
Saline cathartic used inthe
treatment of metal
poisoning: Lead, Copper.
|
125-250 mg/kg as 6%solution
PO; Cattle
60-125 mg/kg as 6%
solution PO; Horses
95-280 mg/kg as 6%
solution PO; Sheep,
Goats, Swine
45-50 mg/kg as 6%
solution PO; Dogs
75-150 mg/kg as 6%
|
|
Sodium Nitrite
Nitrous Acid Sodium
|
Used in
conjunction with Amyl
Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate
in the treatment of Cyanide,
Hydrogen Sulfide and other
poisonings:
Acetonitrile, Chinese Taro (Alocasia),
Elderberry (Sambucus), Poison
Suckleya
(Suckleya), Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus), Cassava (Manihot), Stillingia(Stillingia), Acacia
(Acacia), Trefoil (
|
PRN; Cattle, Horses
10 mg/kg IV, IP, PRN;
Sheep, Goats
16-22 mg/kg IV, IP,
PRN; Dogs, Cats
Always used in
combination with
Sodium Thiosulfate
|
|
Succimer
DMSA
Meso-dimercaptosuccinate
Dimercaptosuccinate
DIM-SA
|
Heavy metal chelator,
water soluble, dimercaprol
analog, which binds to
toxic metals and aids in
their renal elimination.
Used in the treatment of
various metal poisonings:
Arsenic, Cobalt, Lead,
Iron, Mercury, Zinc.
|
10 mg/kg PO bid/tid
PRN; Dogs, Cats
|
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