Jagadeeswaran Appusamy

BENZYLPENICILLIN (Penicillin G, Penethamate hydriodide) Indications . Penicillin-sensitive infections. Contra-indications . Penicillin or cephalosporin hypersensitivity; should not be administered to gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits Side-effects . Allergic reactions; diarrhoea Warnings . Penicillins and cephalosporins may cause hypersensitivity (allergy) following self-injection, inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Operators with known hypersensitivity should not handle these drugs. Clinical signs of allergic reaction in operators include skin rash, swelling of the face, lips, or eyes, or difficulty breathing. Operators should seek medical advice. Dose . Horses : by intravenous injection , 10 mg/kg twice daily for 1 day PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN (Penicillin V) Indications . Penicillin-sensitive infections. Contra-indications . Penicillin or cephalosporin hypersensitivity; should not be administered to gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, horses ...

CEPHALOSPORINS Introduction History Discovery                 The first chemical compounds of the cephalosporin group were isolated from Cephalosporium acremonium , a cephalosporin-producing fungus first discovered by Giuseppe Brotzu in 1948 from a sewage outfall off the Sardinian coast. From crude filtrates of the Cephalosporium acremonium culture scientists got new antibacterial activity. It was noted that the crude filtrate could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus .                 Further investigations by Abraham and Newton were made in England and isolation of culture fluids from the Sardinian fungus yielded cephalosporin P, N and C. These natural compounds were not found to be potent enough to use as antimicrobial agents but with chemical methods and removal of the natural side chain it was po...